基于多组合内容的图像识别机制

针对多组合内容图像的识别问题,提出了一种基于模糊推理融合机制的相似性距离度量算法的图像识别机制。首先,在分析现行图像识别方法的基础上,提出了薄板样条曲线TPS与模糊推理相结合的相似性距离度量机制的总体思路;其次,描述了基于形状上下文的变形图像的特征提取过程;而后讨论了薄板样条曲线TPS与模糊推理相结合的相似性距离度量机制,并将其应用在变形多组合内容图像的识别算法中。实验结果表明所提出的方法是有效的。     

基于宽频调谐特征和谱残差分析的显著性目标检测

根据人眼视觉系统的基本特点,提出一种基于宽频调谐特征和谱残差分析的显著性目标检测算法。该方法通过在上下文信息中提取图像的宽频调谐特征,运用线性叠加融合宽频调谐特征子图得到初步特征图,然后利用多尺度方法构建多分辨率显著图谱子序列,最后利用谱残差分析融合位置特征对显著性子图进行操作运算得到最终的显著图。基于自然图像的显著性目标检测实验结果证明,该方法具有较好的实用性和较强的稳定性,能够获取较为精确的检测结果。     

Factors affecting the ambulance response times of trauma incidents in Singapore

ObjectivesTime to definitive care is important for trauma outcomes, thus many emergency medical services (EMS) systems in the world adopt response times of ambulances as a key performance indicator. The objective of this study is to examine the underlying risk factors that can affect ambulance response times (ART) for trauma incidents, so as to derive interventional measures that can improve the ART.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective study based on two years of trauma data obtained from the national EMS operations centre of Singapore. Trauma patients served by the national EMS provider over the period from 1 January 2011 till 31 December 2012 were included. ART was categorized into “Short” (<4 min), “Intermediate” (4–8 min) and “Long” (>8 min) response times. A modelling framework which leveraged on both multinomial logistic (MNL) regression models and Bayesian networks was proposed for the identification of main and interaction effects.ResultsAmongst the process-related risk factors, weather, traffic and place of incident were found to be significant. The traffic conditions on the roads were found to have the largest effect—the odds ratio (OR) of “Long” ART in heavy traffic condition was 12.98 (95% CI: 10.66–15.79) times higher than that under light traffic conditions. In addition, the ORs of “Long ART” under “Heavy Rain” condition were significantly higher (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26–1.97) than calls responded under “Fine” weather. After accounting for confounders, the ORs of “Long” ART for trauma incidents at “Home” or “Commercial” locations were also significantly higher than that for “Road” incidents.ConclusionTraffic, weather and the place of incident were found to be significant in affecting the ART. The evaluation of factors affecting the ART enables the development of effective interventions for reducing the ART.     

Understanding the governance of urban water services from an institutional logics perspective

In recent decades, the urban water sector has experienced accelerating social complexity that derives from conflicting goals and beliefs, making the sustainability of the sector primarily a governance issue. However, existing governance models do not reflect the new reality. There is thus an urgent need to develop an urban water governance model reflecting this increasing complexity, to support sustainable governance. We integrate concepts from sociology, institutional theory and sustainability transitions to build a governance framework that includes interactions of social structures, and practices, shaped by different institutional logics and categorised at strategic, tactic, operational, and reflexive level.     

Evaluating the ancillary services market for large-scale renewable energy integration in China's northeastern power grid

The installed renewable energy capacity in China is the largest in the world. However, the curtailment of renewable energy remains problematic. To alleviate this problem, a pilot for integrating the ancillary service market for renewable energy in China's northeastern power grid began in 2017. Before this time, a compensatory ancillary service cost mechanism was implemented, in which thermal plants not providing ancillary service paid the costs of the thermal plants providing ancillary service under government supervision. The pilot ancillary service market allowed thermal plants providing ancillary service to make independent quotes. Renewable energy plants were included in those paying the ancillary service costs. We examine the effects of the ancillary service market in the context of large-scale renewable energy integration. The results show that this market has given rise to competing interests between renewable energy and thermal plants. Therefore, measures must be taken to improve the ancillary service market, including eliminating the ancillary service bidding limits, establishing a renewable auction mechanism, and transforming the spot market.     

The layers of history: New architecture interventions in castle ruins

This paper aims to analyse new architectural works that were created within the ruins of castles and fortifications. The contribution addresses the question whether it is possible to indicate common features in these types of objects, by studying what changed and how it changed in the complexes of historic ruins by introducing a new layer: a new form in their space. The analysis covers eight complexes of castle ruins located in Europe, all being important elements of local historical heritage, all preserved in their historical forms as permanent ruins. Such places are characterised by high imageability, which is conducive to maintaining interest, despite political or ideological changes. The need to introduce new functions, which is connected with this interest, raises questions related to preserving the identity and authenticity of the place, while at the same time building relationships with modern architecture. The research concerned examples from Europe, mostly post-competition works. Research and analysis have shown that all the objects are characterised by well thought-out urban solutions and carefully selected locations of new buildings within the existing historic ruins, thereby helping maintain the structural order between the existing and the new spatial forms. Interventions within the castle ruins were carried out using modern architectural language, using modern techniques and solutions, with great attention to detail. They are characterised by the abstraction of new forms and the creative reinterpretation of existing architectural elements and material solutions of the monuments. The consciously applied contrast of forms and materials means that the historical heritage is being rediscovered, enriched with new, currently necessary functions. In all the described works, the introduction of new spatial experiences within existing objects constituted a significant value. The examples analysed show that the experience and analysis of the broadly understood historical, urban and architectural context are conducive to the creation of valuable architectural works. The characteristics of these examples may contribute to a broader debate on the dialogue between historical heritage and contemporary architecture.     

建筑节能服务公司核心竞争力提升策略研究

针对我国建筑领域合同能源管理模式下节能服务公司普遍缺乏核心竞争力的问题,从价值链的视角出发,构建影响建筑节能服务公司核心竞争力的指标体系,并在此基础上提出优化资金运作能力、提升运营管理能力、增强技术创新能力、提高整合实施能力、增强风险防控能力等提升策略,为建筑节能服务公司提升核心竞争力提供参考。     

基于历史文脉视角的泰安高铁站广场设计解析

泰安高铁站广场是反映泰安市文化内涵和时代发展的公共开放空间。该文以尊重当地历史文脉为高铁站广场设计原则,通过推导高铁站广场与泰山主峰的视线关系模型,精确控制高铁站广场周边地块的建筑尺度,建立高铁站广场与泰山主峰之间良好的视通廊道;通过发掘地域历史文化元素"东岳真形图",在高铁站广场空间构架设计中引入该图案的形态结构,形成独具泰安地域特征的公共开放空间体系。     

建筑符号学理论在室内设计中的应用研究——以广东石油化工学院实验楼为例

符号学经过多年的发展,已被广泛应用于各个领域。建筑符号学作为符号学系统的一类,对建筑、室内设计实践有着极其重要的指导意义。文章以广东石油化工学院实验楼室内设计实践为例,从理论基础、主题文脉、设计理念、符号衍生、符号运用等方面,阐释了建筑符号学在室内设计中的提取、演绎、创作与识读历程。其在设计实践领域的运用,能将设计聚"形"、延"意"、传"神",能有效地使空间设计继承文化、延伸意义和内涵,让空间充满生命力。如此,既丰富了设计的理论、构思与表达,又为信息的传递提供了媒介,也为解决建筑、室内设计中"文化缺失"、"意义危机"等问题提供了重要途径。     

居住区规划设计中的工业遗产保护与再利用模式研究——以西安市陕西重型机械厂改造规划设计为例

随着对工业遗产价值的认知,探索工业遗产保护与再利用途径,已渐成为国内外城市延续历史文脉、彰显特色的重要举措。近年来,城市工业厂区搬迁后被转化为居住用地的比例呈压倒性趋势,如何将居住区开发和工业遗产保护紧密结合,是城市可持续发展面临的重要而紧迫的课题。该文通过西安市陕西重型机械厂改造规划的设计研究,提出工业遗址区的居住区规划设计思路和框架。从厂区资源、规划定位、社区需求以及经济性诸方面确定厂区的更新策略,探寻工业遗产保护与居住区道路系统、绿化系统、公建系统、空间环境系统规划设计的契合点,构建具有鲜明工业文化特色的现代居住社区。